For a successful stand-alone photovoltaic installation, it's essential to follow certain guidelines to optimize the efficiency, durability and profitability of your system. Here are some key recommendations:
1. Assess your energy needs
Before beginning installation, it's crucial to understand your energy needs. Make an inventory of the appliances you plan to power, their consumption in watts, and the duration of daily use. This step will help you to correctly size your system, choosing the appropriate capacity for solar panels, batteries and other components.
2. Choosing the right location for solar panels
The location of your solar panels is crucial to their performance. Install them where they will receive the maximum amount of direct sunlight throughout the day, without shading. Panels should face south in the northern hemisphere (or north in the southern hemisphere), with an inclination suited to your latitude, to capture maximum energy all year round.
3. Choosing the right inverter: grid or hybrid
The inverter is a crucial element in a photovoltaic installation, transforming solar energy (direct current) into alternating current that can be used by your appliances.
- Grid-connected inverter: This type of inverter is designed for grid-connected systems. It injects surplus energy into the public grid, enabling you to reduce your electricity bill or benefit from energy credits.
- However, in the event of a power cut, the grid-connected inverter stops working, interrupting the power supply to your system.
- Hybrid inverter: This model combines the functionality of a grid-connected inverter and a battery system, enabling excess energy to be stored for later use. In the event of a power cut, the hybrid inverter automatically switches over to the battery, ensuring uninterrupted power to your appliances. It's the ideal solution for those seeking greater autonomy while enjoying the benefits of a network connection.
4. Correct battery sizing
The choice of batteries is crucial to guaranteeing the autonomy of your system. Batteries must be large enough to store the energy needed to cover your electricity needs during periods when the panels are not producing, such as at night or on cloudy days. Opt for quality batteries with good cycling capacity, to ensure a long service life.
5. Think safety
Photovoltaic installations must comply with safety standards. Use high-quality equipment and appropriate protection, such as circuit breakers and fuses, to prevent electrical hazards. If you're not sure you can carry out the installation safely, call in a qualified professional.
6. Provide a back-up solution
Even with a well-dimensioned installation, unforeseen circumstances can arise, such as prolonged periods of bad weather. Plan for a back-up solution, such as a generator or a connection to the power grid (if possible), to compensate for any power shortages.
7. Optimize energy efficiency
To maximize the efficiency of your stand-alone system, reduce your energy consumption as much as possible. Use low-consumption appliances, opt for LED lighting, and be aware of your electricity usage. Careful energy management can extend the life of your system and reduce long-term costs.
8. Plan for future expansion
Finally, consider from the outset the possibility of expanding your installation in the future. Planning for additional solar panels, extra batteries, or oversized components from the outset can make it easier to expand the system if your energy needs grow.
By following these tips, you can create a self-sufficient photovoltaic system that efficiently meets your energy needs, while being sustainable and profitable in the long term.